Why solar flares are way hotter than researchers thought
Beautiful yet dangerous solar flares that erupt from the sun could be as hot as 180 million degrees Fahrenheit, researchers say.
That’s more than six times hotter than solar physicists previously believed, according to a new report in Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Alexander Russell, a physicist with the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, called that temperature “a crazy number” that he and his colleagues found “incredible.”
Solar flares occur when magnetic energy gets suddenly released and dumped into particles. These particles, ions and electrons, get heated up and shoot out at great speed.
Previously, researchers used telescopes to measure the temperature of electrons in solar flares. “And we’ve kind of just assumed, well, the ion temperature would be the same as the electron temperature,” says Russell.
But recent computer simulations and measurements in near-Earth space suggest that this assumption is wrong: They show that ions heat up way more.
Russell and his colleagues did some calculations and found that solar flares could actually be over 100 million degrees Fahrenheit, and quite possibly hotter.
James Drake, a physicist at the University of Maryland who wasn’t part of this research team, has been studying how magnetic processes heat and speed up electrons and ions for some time. He says until now, the difference between the two has been overlooked when it comes to solar flares.
“We’ve been confronting the solar physicists,” says Drake, “telling them that even though they’ve measured in a lot of detail what’s going on with the electrons, they’re missing something big.”
That’s why he says he was happy to see this new analysis, as it could lead to a better understanding of how solar flares work. And that in turn could help protect hardware like satellites and people like astronauts from these dangerous but awesome eruptions.
“We’re already busy on the next steps,” says Russell, who says they’re developing models of how flares evolve when the ions are heated more strongly than the electrons.
Israel is blasting through Gaza City neighborhoods, but people have nowhere to go
Israel's military says it has gained "operational control" of 40% of Gaza City and plans to intensify its attacks in a large-scale ground offensive to fully occupy the city.
Horror, rom-coms and ‘Hamilton’ are all in theaters this weekend
This weekend, Hamilton is in theaters in honor of its anniversary, a new Conjuring horror film opens, and Dylan O'Brien stars in a twisty story about grief.
The U.S. added only 22,000 jobs last month, showing cracks in the labor market
The U.S. job market showed more signs of weakness Friday, as the Labor Department reported just 22,000 jobs added last month. Revised figures show the economy lost jobs in June, and the unemployment rate inched up to 4.3%.
Ivey, Ledbetter go to court to try and allow voucher students to participate in athletics
Gov. Kay Ivey and House Speaker Nathaniel Ledbetter filed the complaint in Montgomery Circuit Court against the Alabama High School Athletic Association. They are asking a judge to block the association's ruling on eligibility and pave the way for the students to participate in athletics this year.
‘One and done’ dose of LSD keeps anxiety at bay
People with generalized anxiety disorder improved significantly after they got a single dose of LSD powerful enough to induce a psychedelic trip.
The world’s oldest and largest iceberg will soon be no more
The iceberg, known as A23a, has been on a journey following the current into warmer waters for months. Now, it has begun the predicted and natural process of breaking apart, and eventually melting.